British forces overtake Palestine from the Ottoman-Turks — an Islamic Empire that ruled over the region for 1,400 years.

The British government releases the Balfour Declaration, promising the establishment of a “national home for the Jewish People” in Palestine.

Fleeing from Nazism, Jews increasingly migrate to Palestine. Over the course of 2 decades, more than 100,000 Jews settle in Palestine.

Resolution 181 is passed by the UN General Assembly. The act will split Palestinian territories into two states, one state being Jewish and the other state being Arab. Civil strife grows larger between the two communities.

On midnight, the British relinquish their Administration/mandate in the land of Palestine.

The State of Israel is declared by David Ben Gurion the chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine.

During 1948 the Arab-Israeli war would displace 700,000 Palestinian refugees in an exodus. This event is known as the Nakba (Arabic for “catastrophe” ) . On December 11, the UN will enact Resolution 194, which would call for the return of Palestinian refugees to their homes, restitution, and compensation.

Over the course of six days, the two conflicting communities are at war. Israel wins and gains control of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip — previously inhabited primarily by Palestinians . The Israeli troops also gains control of Syria’s Golan Heights and Sinai Peninsula, located in Egypt. Israel’s territory grows four times its original size and becomes the leading military power in the region.

The UN Security Council passes Resolution 242, requesting withdrawal of Israeli troops from the recently occupied territories during the six day war. This resolution also acknowledges the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence of every state in the area and the right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries. “

The war throughout this period is known variously as Yom Kippur War, the Ramadan War, and the October War, that dates when Egypt and Syria attempt to reclaim the Israeli- occupied Sina Peninsula (Egypt) and Golan Heights (Syria). The Soviet Union allied Egypt & Syria, while the United States allied Israel. The war ended with negations between the Soviet Union and the United States. Bringing forth Resolution 338, calling for a ceasefire in the October War.

The Camp David Accords is signed by Israel and Egypt establishing a way for a peace treaty to pursue between the two countries.

Egypt and Israel sign a peace treaty. The treaty required Israel to de-occupy from the Sinai Peninsula. Sinai Peninsula returns under Egypt control. The signed treaty will normalize diplomatic and commercial relationship between the two countries.

After an Israeli driver kills four Palestinian in a car accident, the first intifada, or rebellion begins against Israeli occupation in the West Bank and Gaza.

Sheikh Ahmed Yassin establishes Hamas, a militant group.

Jordanian leader, King Hussein, renounces its sovereign reign over the West Bank and East Jerusalem —- he recognizes the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) as the rightful sovereign over the region.

PLO leader, Arafat, recognizes the existence of the State of Israel, renounces terroism, and welcomes UN Security Council Resolution 242.

The Madrid Conference is hosted by Madrid, and co-sponsered by the United State and Soviet Union. In attendance were Madrid, Israeli, Syrian, Jordanian, Palestinian, American, and Soviet representatives to discuss a peace initiative for the Arab-Israeli Conflict.

The Olso Accords is signed by Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), which envisions a peace treaty by 1999. In this agreement Israel also agrees to withdraw from parts of the West Bank. Israelis Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli Foreign Minter Shimon Peres, and Palestinian leader Arafat wins the Nobel Peace Prize in 19994 recognizing their unanimous efforts on the Olso Accords.

Israel and Palestine sign the Gaza-Jericho Agreement which makes provisions for the withdrawal of Israeli military forces from Gaza and Jericho. This agreement will transfer authority from Israeli administration to Palestinian National Authority. The agreement will also establish a structure and composition of Palestinian Authority (i.e a Palestinian police force).

Israel-Jordan Peace treaty is signed between the two countries, which will settle Israel’s and Jordan’s prior territorial dispute. The treaty will promote future cooperation in sectors such as trade and tourism between the two sovereignties . This treaty marks the second treaty between Israel and a Arab state.

The Olso II Accords is sign by Israeli and Palestinian leaders. The agreement gives more control to the Palestinians in the West Bank and also “defines the security, electoral, public administration, and economic arrangements” that would be put into place once a final peace agreement is reached in 1999 between Israel and Palestine.

The second intifada is parked by Israeli politicians visiting the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif, which is considered a holy site to the Palestinians. This rebellion will last until 2005 and is considered more violent than the first intifada. Four thousand Palestinians and one thousand Israelis die.

A hotel in Netanya, Israel, undergoes a terrorist attack killing thirty people at a Passover celebration. In retaliation, the Israeli military forces reoccupy sections of the West Bank, including th city of Ramallah, where the Palestinian National Authority is headquartered.

Israel begins to build security barriers in different areas of the West Bank to protect Israeli settlements. This act hinders and isolates Palestinian movement and commerce throughout the West Bank.

In the 2006 Palestinian elections, Hamas defeats Fatah, a long-standing political faction. Fatah and Hamas create a deal to govern the West Bank and Gaza Strip unitedly. This plan fails quickly as Hamas takes full control over the Gaza Strip in 2007.

Hamas captures and takes Israeli soldier, Gilad Shalit hostage. He is kept captive until his release from the militant group in 2011.

The United States recognizes the city of Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel .

The United States becomes the first country to recognize Israeli Sovereignty over the Golan Heights. Golan Heights was occupied by Israel from Syria during the six day war in 1967.

Hamas deploys numerous rockets into Israeli settlements on a Jewish holiday, killing 1,200 people. Over 200 Israeli civilians and soldiers near the Gaza Strip were also abducted by the militant group. Consequently, Israel declares its country at war.